Adaptation to the rarefied air of abysses and caves.A laboratory study
Ignacio de Yzaguirre i Mauraa, Jaume Escoda i Morab, Joan Bosch Cornetc, Josep Antoni Gutiérrez Rincónb, Diego Dulanto Zabalad, Ramón Segura Cardonae
a Secretaria General de l'Esport. Govern de Catalunya. Barcelona. España. Sociedad Española de Medicina y Auxilio en Cavidades. España.
b Secretaria General de l'Esport. Govern de Catalunya. Barcelona. España.
c Hospital de San Rafael. Barcelona. España.
d Sociedad Española de Medicina y Auxilio en Cavidades. España. Hospital de Basurto. Bilbao. España.
e Catedrático emérito. Departament de Fisiologia II. Campus de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona. España.
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Govern de Catalunya. Barcelona. España. Sociedad Española de Medicina y Auxilio en Cavidades. España." "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "affa" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Secretaria General de l'Esport. Govern de Catalunya. Barcelona. España." "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "affb" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de San Rafael. Barcelona. España." "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "affc" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sociedad Española de Medicina y Auxilio en Cavidades. España. Hospital de Basurto. Bilbao. España." "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "affd" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Catedrático emérito. Departament de Fisiologia II. Campus de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona. España." "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "affe" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "277v43n159a13126395pdf001_2.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"> Introduction and aims: The atmosphere in the abysses of the mountains of Garraf (Barcelona) have lower oxygen levels and higher CO2 concentrations with respect to normality. To evaluate the risk of speleological exploration in this area, we studied 19 cavers (14 men and 5 women) while performing controlled exercise in a hypercapnic, hypoxic and normobaric atmosphere (15.2 ± 0.8% of 299 O2 and 19,049 ± 299 ppmv of CO2). Methods: The study was performed in a laboratory through ergometry. Two identical tests were used: one in a standard atmosphere (NN) and another in a confined atmosphere (a hypoxic tent), with rarefied air (HH). The following parameters were monitored: electrocardiogram, heart rate, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, lactate, capillary glycemia, and final blood pressure. Results: The volunteers had distinct symptoms during the test with rarefied air: heat sensation (100%), dizziness (47%), headache (3%), ocular pruritus (21%), hand tremor (16%), extrasystoles (16.5%), hypertonic blood pressure behavior (26%), tachycardia (158.5 ± 15.9 bpm in rarefied air versus 148.7 ± 15.7 bpm in normal air; p<0.0002). All participants showed reduced oxygen saturation (93.4 ± 3.4% in rarefied air versus 97.7 ± 9.92% in normal air; p<0.00004). Discussion: Wide individual variability was found in symptoms and the parameters studied. In view of the results of this study, we recommend that a threshold of 45,000 ppmv of CO2 not be exceeded in speleological exploration. Likewise, fitness assessment should be performed in individuals planning to enter confined atmospheres, such as the caves and abysses of this mountain.</p>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/18866581/0000004300000159/v0_201801081333/13126395/v0_201801081333/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "71845" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/18866581/0000004300000159/v0_201801081333/13126395/v0_201801081333/en/277v43n159a13126395pdf001_2.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://apunts.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13126395?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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ISSN: 18866581Original language: English
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