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tipus de lesions i localitzaci&#243;&#46; Ara b&#233;&#44; la majoria d&#39;aquests estudis coincideixen a assenyalar que les lesions m&#233;s freq&#252;ents a les pistes de gel s&#243;n de car&#224;cter greu&#44; sobretot fractures localitzades en els membres superiors&#44; i assenyalant la caiguda com el mecanisme principal de lesi&#243;&#46; A m&#233;s&#44; aquests estudis mostren que la majoria dels subjectes lesionats s&#243;n joves entre 10 i 14 anys d&#39;edat&#44; i no indiquen grans difer&#232;ncies entre sexes<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7-11</span>&#46; Alguns autors consideren el patinatge recreatiu sobre gel com una activitat de gran potencial lesiu<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">No coneixem estudis que hagin analitzat la freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions i els mecanismes de producci&#243; en poblaci&#243; espanyola&#46; L&#39;objectiu d&#39;aquest estudi va ser descriure les lesions produ&#239;des en una pista temporal de gel&#44; com tamb&#233; els mecanismes de producci&#243;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> M&#200;TODES</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Un total de 9&#46;000 patinadors recreatius van visitar la pista de patinatge sobre gel instal&#183;lada en un municipi de M&#250;rcia&#44; del 15 de desembre de 2006 al 15 de gener de 2007&#44; coincidint amb les vacances escolars de Nadal&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Tots els subjectes que van tenir alguna lesi&#243; a la pista de gel com a conseq&#252;&#232;ncia de la pr&#224;ctica del patinatge van ser atesos pel personal de la Creu Roja Espanyola al lloc de primers auxilis situat al costat de la mateixa pista&#46; De cada persona lesionada es va fer un comunicat d&#39;accident en qu&#232; es van recollir les dades personals de l&#39;accidentat&#58; nom&#44; edat i sexe&#44; juntament amb la localitzaci&#243; de la lesi&#243; i un diagn&#242;stic previ&#46; Addicionalment&#44; a tots se&#39;ls va sol&#183;licitar de respondre un q&#252;estionari que proporcionava informaci&#243; sobre la freq&#252;&#232;ncia de pr&#224;ctica d&#39;aquesta activitat i el mecanisme de producci&#243; de la lesi&#243;&#46; Van ser 69 persones les que van accedir a emplenar el q&#252;estionari&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A nivell estad&#237;stic es va fer una an&#224;lisi descriptiva basada en freq&#252;&#232;ncies&#44; i un test  &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> per comparar la freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions entre sexes i basada en l&#39;experi&#232;ncia pr&#232;via dels patinadors&#46; Les dades van ser analitzades amb el programa estad&#237;stic SPSS &#40;versi&#243; 14&#46;0&#41; i es va establir un valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05 per a la significaci&#243; estad&#237;stica&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> RESULTATS</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Un total de 185 subjectes &#40;95 dones i 90 homes&#41; d&#39;edats entre els 3 i els 45 anys van tenir algun tipus de lesi&#243;&#44; sent el rang d&#39;edat compr&#232;s entre els 10 i 12 anys el que va palesar m&#233;s freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41;&#46; No vam trobar difer&#232;ncies significatives en la distribuci&#243; de proporcions segons el sexe &#40;&#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#44;153&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;71&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig01.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figura 1</span></span> Distribuci&#243; per edats i percentatge corresponent dels subjectes lesionats &#40;n &#61; 185&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Les lesions m&#233;s comunes van ser de car&#224;cter lleu&#44; com ara contusions i ferides superficials&#44; seguides d&#39;esquin&#231;aments o distensions i talls&#46; Es van produir 3 fractures&#44; que van significar l&#39;1&#44;6&#37; del total de lesions &#40;taula I&#41;&#46; De tots els lesionats&#44; 15 van haver de ser traslladats al centre de salut local o a l&#39;hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca de M&#250;rcia&#44; per establir un millor diagn&#242;stic i un tractament adequat&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig02.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">De les 185 lesions registrades&#44; 83 es van localitzar a l&#39;extremitat superior i 71 lesions a l&#39;extremitat inferior&#46; La part del cos m&#233;s lesionada va ser el canell&#44; seguit del peu i el genoll &#40;fig&#46; 2&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig03.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figura 2</span></span> Localitzaci&#243; i freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions en diferents parts del cos &#40;n &#61; 185&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La majoria dels fregaments i ferides superficials localitzades als peus&#44; turmells i cames es van produir per dur mitjons curts i per un mal ajustament dels patins&#46; Les ferides i els talls a les mans van ser ocasionats majorit&#224;riament en ser trepitjats per la ganiveta d&#39;un altre patinador&#46; El mecanisme principal de lesi&#243; va ser la caiguda&#44; a causa principalment de la p&#232;rdua d&#39;equilibri &#40;taules II i III&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig04.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig05.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La majoria dels patinadors lesionats tenien molt poca o cap experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel&#46; Nom&#233;s 5 persones havien patinat m&#233;s de 5 vegades abans de produir-se la lesi&#243;&#44; mentre que els que patinaven per primera vegada van presentar una significativa &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; freq&#252;&#232;ncia m&#233;s alta de lesions &#40;fig&#46; 3&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig06.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figura 3</span></span> Experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel dels subjectes lesionats &#40;n &#61; 69&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> DISCUSSI&#211;</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La pr&#224;ctica d&#39;una activitat com el patinatge sobre gel en una pista temporal suposa un augment del risc d&#39;accident per diversos motius&#44; com s&#243;n la inexperi&#232;ncia dels usuaris &#40;nens i adolescents&#44; principalment&#41;&#44; els problemes d&#39;estabilitat per la redu&#239;da base de sustentaci&#243;&#44; un redu&#239;t coeficient de lliscament de la pista&#44; etc&#46; Malgrat aix&#242;&#44; en el nostre estudi nom&#233;s es van lesionar el 2&#44;05&#37; del total d&#39;usuaris que van fer &#250;s de la instal&#183;laci&#243; durant el mes que va estar en funcionament&#46; Hi ha una gran variabilitat en el nombre de persones lesionades en estudis previs realitzats en patinadors recreatius sobre gel&#46; Aix&#237;&#44; Johanssen et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> indiquen un total de 105 subjectes lesionats durant un any&#44; mentre que Lam et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span> van trobar tan sols 43 lesionats en un per&#237;ode de 2 anys i 3 mesos&#46; Clarke et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> van registrar un total de 125 subjectes lesionats en un per&#237;ode de 6 setmanes&#44; sent les lesions m&#233;s freq&#252;ents les fractures i luxacions en els membres superiors&#46; Al contrari&#44; McGeehan et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span> van trobar una major localitzaci&#243; de lesions en els membres inferiors&#44; el cap i la cara&#46; D&#39;acord amb aquests resultats&#44; &#233;s dif&#237;cil establir un patr&#243; est&#224;ndard sobre els tipus de lesions i la seva localitzaci&#243;&#44; com tamb&#233; considerar el patinatge sobre gel com una activitat amb un gran risc de generar lesions&#46; Ara b&#233;&#44; una limitaci&#243; del nostre estudi &#233;s que&#44; probablement&#44; alguns usuaris de la pista van tenir accidents de poca consideraci&#243; que van provocar petites lesions a les quals no van donar import&#224;ncia i van decidir no fer &#250;s del servei de primers auxilis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Coincidint amb la majoria d&#39;estudis&#44; el rang d&#39;edat entre els 10 i 12 anys &#233;s el que reflecteix una freq&#252;&#232;ncia m&#233;s gran de lesions&#44; sense difer&#232;ncies per sexe<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7&#44;11</span>&#46; La caiguda va ser el principal mecanisme de lesi&#243;&#44; i el canell fou la part del cos m&#233;s freq&#252;entment lesionada&#46; Aquest fet ve donat pel fet que les caigudes en patinatge sobre gel solen ser cap endavant&#44; per la qual cosa els patinadors col&#183;loquen les seves mans davant el cos per frenar la caiguda&#46; A m&#233;s&#44; aquells subjectes amb menys experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel van ser els que m&#233;s es van lesionar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7&#44;12</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La majoria dels estudis previs realitzats sobre les lesions en patinadors recreatius sobre gel&#44; mostren una alta freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions de car&#224;cter greu&#44; sobretot fractures<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;5&#44;6&#44;8&#44;9&#44;12</span>&#44; i consideren la pr&#224;ctica del patinatge sobre gel com una activitat d&#39;un alt potencial lesiu<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span>&#46; En aquesta l&#237;nia&#44; estudis comparatius entre patinadors sobre gel i patinadors sobre rodes conclouen que el patinatge sobre gel presenta un major risc d&#39;ocasionar lesions greus&#44; sobretot fractures&#44; m&#233;s que no el patinatge sobre rodes<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;10&#44;11</span>&#46; En el nostre estudi&#44; coincidint amb Williamson i Lowdon<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> i Johanssen et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>&#44; vam trobar que la majoria de lesions produ&#239;des en patinatge recreatiu sobre gel s&#243;n de car&#224;cter lleu&#44; com contusions i ferides superficials&#44; per b&#233; que tamb&#233; es produeixen lesions m&#233;s greus com les fractures &#242;ssies&#44; si b&#233; amb una pres&#232;ncia molt redu&#239;da &#40;1&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Un factor que podria explicar les difer&#232;ncies entre aquest estudi i altres que troben una alta freq&#252;&#232;ncia de fractures &#233;s la velocitat mitjana del patinador&#44; tot i que aquesta variable no ha estat recollida en cap estudi&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">D&#39;altra banda&#44; cal destacar l&#39;alta proporci&#243; de lesions localitzades al cap i cara trobada en el nostre estudi&#46; Aquests resultats es poden atribuir a les caracter&#237;stiques del gel&#44; on les caigudes cap endavant produeixen m&#233;s lesions a la cara&#44; boca&#44; dents i cap que no en el patinatge sobre rodes&#44; ja que amb l&#39;intent de frenar la caiguda amb les mans no n&#39;hi ha prou&#44; i en aquesta acci&#243; queda involucrat el cap i la cara&#44; que colpegen contra la superf&#237;cie gelada<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Prenent com a refer&#232;ncia les dades d&#39;aquest treball&#44; proposem una s&#232;rie de pautes per minimitzar o evitar els mecanismes de producci&#243; de lesions a les pistes de patinatge sobre gel&#58;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">- &#218;s de proteccions&#44; com canelleres amb superf&#237;cie no lliscant&#44; genolleres&#44; colzeres i casc&#44; si &#233;s possible amb reixeta&#44; per protegir la cara&#46;<br></br> - Obligatorietat de dur guants per evitar talls als dits&#46;<br></br> - Limitar el nombre de patinadors a la pista&#44; per evitar xocs i ensopegades&#46;<br></br> - Establir una zona delimitada per a principiants i separada de la resta d&#39;usuaris&#44; on puguin aprendre a patinar sense risc de ser atropellats per patinadors m&#233;s r&#224;pids&#46;<br></br> - Pres&#232;ncia de monitors qualificats que ensenyin les t&#232;cniques b&#224;siques de patinatge&#58; posici&#243; b&#224;sica&#44; equilibri&#44; primeres passes&#44; frenada&#44; girs&#44; caiguda i posar-se dempeus&#44; com tamb&#233; algunes mesures d&#39;actuaci&#243; per evitar accidents mentre patinen&#44; com pot ser respectar les normes de la pista&#44; patinar per zones de poc tr&#224;nsit&#44; aixecar-se r&#224;pid del terra en cas de caiguda i col&#183;locar les mans a prop del cos tamb&#233; en cas de caure&#46;<br></br> - Establir normes de comportament a la pista&#44; com patinar tots en el mateix sentit&#44; no patinar a velocitats altes&#44; no fer cadenes de patinadors&#44; no emp&#232;nyer&#44; etc&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> CONCLUSIONS</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El nombre de lesions produ&#239;des en una pista de gel temporal&#44; instal&#183;lada durant un mes&#44; va ser baix en relaci&#243; amb el nombre total de patinadors que la van utilitzar&#44; i majorit&#224;riament de car&#224;cter lleu&#46; Els subjectes sense experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel presenten m&#233;s freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions que no pas els patinadors experimentats&#46;</p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Correspond&#232;ncia&#58;<br></br> Pedro A&#46; L&#243;pez-Mi&#241;arro&#46; Departamento de Expresi&#243;n Pl&#225;stica&#44; Musical y Din&#225;mica&#46;<br></br> &#193;rea de Did&#225;ctica de la Expresi&#243;n Corporal&#46;<br></br> Facultad de Educaci&#243;n&#46; Universidad de Murcia&#46; Campus Universitario de Espinardo&#46;<br></br> 30100 Murcia&#46; Espanya&#46;<br></br> Correu electr&#242;nic&#58; <a href="mailto&#58;palopez&#64;um&#46;es" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"> palopez&#64;um&#46;es</a></p>"
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            0 => "Lesi&#243;"
            1 => "Patinatge sobre gel"
            2 => "Pista de gel"
            3 => "Prevenci&#243;"
            4 => "Patinador recreatiu"
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            0 => "Injury"
            1 => "Ice skating"
            2 => "Ice rink"
            3 => "Safety"
            4 => "Recreational skater"
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        "resumen" => "Introducci&#243; i objectius&#58; La pr&#224;ctica del patinatge sobre gel comporta un augment del risc de lesions a causa d&#39;una m&#233;s alta probabilitat de caigudes&#46; L&#39;objectiu d&#39;aquest estudi va ser descriure les lesions produ&#239;des i els factors de risc en una pista temporal de patinatge sobre gel&#46; M&#232;todes&#58; Es van registrar les lesions produ&#239;des en una pista de gel instal&#183;lada durant un mes en un municipi de M&#250;rcia&#46; De cadascun dels patinadors lesionats&#44; es van registrar dades sobre edat&#44; sexe&#44; localitzaci&#243; de la lesi&#243;&#44; mecanisme lesional&#44; diagn&#242;stic de la lesi&#243; i experi&#232;ncia com a patinador&#46; Les dades van ser recollides pel personal de la Creu Roja Espanyola al lloc de primers auxilis situat al costat de la pista&#46; Resultats&#58; Un total de 185 subjectes &#40;95 dones i 90 homes&#41; van tenir algun tipus de lesi&#243;&#46; Les lesions m&#233;s comunes van ser de car&#224;cter lleu&#44; com ara contusions &#40;40&#37;&#41; i ferides superficials &#40;28&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Les fractures van representar l&#39;1&#44;6&#37; de les lesions&#46; La majoria de les lesions es van localitzar al canell &#40;29&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; al peu &#40;13&#44;0&#37;&#41; i al genoll &#40;10&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; El mecanisme principal de lesi&#243; va ser la caiguda &#40;71&#37;&#41;&#44; principalment per la p&#232;rdua de l&#39;equilibri &#40;61&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Els subjectes sense experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel van presentar m&#233;s freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions que els patinadors m&#233;s experimentats&#46; Conclusions&#58; El nombre de lesions esdevingudes a la pista de gel va ser baix respecte del nombre total de patinadors que hi van anar&#44; i majorit&#224;riament van ser de car&#224;cter lleu&#46;"
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        "resumen" => "Introduction and objectives&#58; Recreational ice-skating carries a high risk of injury because of the strong probability of falls&#46; The aim of this study was to describe injuries and associated risk factors in a temporary ice rink&#46; Methods&#58; We recorded all injuries produced in a temporary ice rink installed for 1 month in a town in Murcia&#46; For all ice skaters injured&#44; information on age&#44; gender&#44; body region injured&#44; mechanism of injury&#44; diagnosis&#44; and ice skating experience was recorded&#46; The data were gathered by staff from the Spanish Red Cross in the first aid facilities situated beside the ice rink&#46; Results&#58; A total of 185 recreational ice skaters &#40;95 females and 90 males&#41; were injured&#46; The most common injuries were slight injuries such as bruises &#40;40&#37;&#41; and superficial wounds &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Fractures accounted for 1&#46;6&#37; of all injuries&#46; Most skating-related injuries involved the wrist &#40;29&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the foot &#40;13&#46;0&#37;&#41; and the knee &#40;10&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Most of the injuries were caused by falls &#40;71&#37;&#41;&#44; mainly due to loss of balance &#40;61&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Beginners appeared to be more prone to injury than experienced skaters&#46; Conclusions&#58; The number of injuries was low compared with the total number of skaters and most of the injuries were slight&#46;"
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Lesions produïdes en una pista temporal de patinatge sobre gel
Injuries in a temporary ice rink
Víctor Jesús Moreno Alcaraza, Pedro Ángel López Miñarroa
a Departamento de Educación Física. Universidad de Murcia. Múrcia. Espanya.
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tipus de lesions i localitzaci&#243;&#46; Ara b&#233;&#44; la majoria d&#39;aquests estudis coincideixen a assenyalar que les lesions m&#233;s freq&#252;ents a les pistes de gel s&#243;n de car&#224;cter greu&#44; sobretot fractures localitzades en els membres superiors&#44; i assenyalant la caiguda com el mecanisme principal de lesi&#243;&#46; A m&#233;s&#44; aquests estudis mostren que la majoria dels subjectes lesionats s&#243;n joves entre 10 i 14 anys d&#39;edat&#44; i no indiquen grans difer&#232;ncies entre sexes<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;7-11</span>&#46; Alguns autors consideren el patinatge recreatiu sobre gel com una activitat de gran potencial lesiu<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">No coneixem estudis que hagin analitzat la freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions i els mecanismes de producci&#243; en poblaci&#243; espanyola&#46; L&#39;objectiu d&#39;aquest estudi va ser descriure les lesions produ&#239;des en una pista temporal de gel&#44; com tamb&#233; els mecanismes de producci&#243;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> M&#200;TODES</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Un total de 9&#46;000 patinadors recreatius van visitar la pista de patinatge sobre gel instal&#183;lada en un municipi de M&#250;rcia&#44; del 15 de desembre de 2006 al 15 de gener de 2007&#44; coincidint amb les vacances escolars de Nadal&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Tots els subjectes que van tenir alguna lesi&#243; a la pista de gel com a conseq&#252;&#232;ncia de la pr&#224;ctica del patinatge van ser atesos pel personal de la Creu Roja Espanyola al lloc de primers auxilis situat al costat de la mateixa pista&#46; De cada persona lesionada es va fer un comunicat d&#39;accident en qu&#232; es van recollir les dades personals de l&#39;accidentat&#58; nom&#44; edat i sexe&#44; juntament amb la localitzaci&#243; de la lesi&#243; i un diagn&#242;stic previ&#46; Addicionalment&#44; a tots se&#39;ls va sol&#183;licitar de respondre un q&#252;estionari que proporcionava informaci&#243; sobre la freq&#252;&#232;ncia de pr&#224;ctica d&#39;aquesta activitat i el mecanisme de producci&#243; de la lesi&#243;&#46; Van ser 69 persones les que van accedir a emplenar el q&#252;estionari&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">A nivell estad&#237;stic es va fer una an&#224;lisi descriptiva basada en freq&#252;&#232;ncies&#44; i un test  &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> per comparar la freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions entre sexes i basada en l&#39;experi&#232;ncia pr&#232;via dels patinadors&#46; Les dades van ser analitzades amb el programa estad&#237;stic SPSS &#40;versi&#243; 14&#46;0&#41; i es va establir un valor de p &#60; 0&#44;05 per a la significaci&#243; estad&#237;stica&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> RESULTATS</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Un total de 185 subjectes &#40;95 dones i 90 homes&#41; d&#39;edats entre els 3 i els 45 anys van tenir algun tipus de lesi&#243;&#44; sent el rang d&#39;edat compr&#232;s entre els 10 i 12 anys el que va palesar m&#233;s freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41;&#46; No vam trobar difer&#232;ncies significatives en la distribuci&#243; de proporcions segons el sexe &#40;&#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#61; 0&#44;153&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;71&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig01.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figura 1</span></span> Distribuci&#243; per edats i percentatge corresponent dels subjectes lesionats &#40;n &#61; 185&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Les lesions m&#233;s comunes van ser de car&#224;cter lleu&#44; com ara contusions i ferides superficials&#44; seguides d&#39;esquin&#231;aments o distensions i talls&#46; Es van produir 3 fractures&#44; que van significar l&#39;1&#44;6&#37; del total de lesions &#40;taula I&#41;&#46; De tots els lesionats&#44; 15 van haver de ser traslladats al centre de salut local o a l&#39;hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca de M&#250;rcia&#44; per establir un millor diagn&#242;stic i un tractament adequat&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig02.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">De les 185 lesions registrades&#44; 83 es van localitzar a l&#39;extremitat superior i 71 lesions a l&#39;extremitat inferior&#46; La part del cos m&#233;s lesionada va ser el canell&#44; seguit del peu i el genoll &#40;fig&#46; 2&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig03.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figura 2</span></span> Localitzaci&#243; i freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions en diferents parts del cos &#40;n &#61; 185&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La majoria dels fregaments i ferides superficials localitzades als peus&#44; turmells i cames es van produir per dur mitjons curts i per un mal ajustament dels patins&#46; Les ferides i els talls a les mans van ser ocasionats majorit&#224;riament en ser trepitjats per la ganiveta d&#39;un altre patinador&#46; El mecanisme principal de lesi&#243; va ser la caiguda&#44; a causa principalment de la p&#232;rdua d&#39;equilibri &#40;taules II i III&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig04.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig05.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La majoria dels patinadors lesionats tenien molt poca o cap experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel&#46; Nom&#233;s 5 persones havien patinat m&#233;s de 5 vegades abans de produir-se la lesi&#243;&#44; mentre que els que patinaven per primera vegada van presentar una significativa &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; freq&#252;&#232;ncia m&#233;s alta de lesions &#40;fig&#46; 3&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="278v43n158-13125179fig06.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figura 3</span></span> Experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel dels subjectes lesionats &#40;n &#61; 69&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> DISCUSSI&#211;</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La pr&#224;ctica d&#39;una activitat com el patinatge sobre gel en una pista temporal suposa un augment del risc d&#39;accident per diversos motius&#44; com s&#243;n la inexperi&#232;ncia dels usuaris &#40;nens i adolescents&#44; principalment&#41;&#44; els problemes d&#39;estabilitat per la redu&#239;da base de sustentaci&#243;&#44; un redu&#239;t coeficient de lliscament de la pista&#44; etc&#46; Malgrat aix&#242;&#44; en el nostre estudi nom&#233;s es van lesionar el 2&#44;05&#37; del total d&#39;usuaris que van fer &#250;s de la instal&#183;laci&#243; durant el mes que va estar en funcionament&#46; Hi ha una gran variabilitat en el nombre de persones lesionades en estudis previs realitzats en patinadors recreatius sobre gel&#46; Aix&#237;&#44; Johanssen et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> indiquen un total de 105 subjectes lesionats durant un any&#44; mentre que Lam et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span> van trobar tan sols 43 lesionats en un per&#237;ode de 2 anys i 3 mesos&#46; Clarke et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> van registrar un total de 125 subjectes lesionats en un per&#237;ode de 6 setmanes&#44; sent les lesions m&#233;s freq&#252;ents les fractures i luxacions en els membres superiors&#46; Al contrari&#44; McGeehan et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span> van trobar una major localitzaci&#243; de lesions en els membres inferiors&#44; el cap i la cara&#46; D&#39;acord amb aquests resultats&#44; &#233;s dif&#237;cil establir un patr&#243; est&#224;ndard sobre els tipus de lesions i la seva localitzaci&#243;&#44; com tamb&#233; considerar el patinatge sobre gel com una activitat amb un gran risc de generar lesions&#46; Ara b&#233;&#44; una limitaci&#243; del nostre estudi &#233;s que&#44; probablement&#44; alguns usuaris de la pista van tenir accidents de poca consideraci&#243; que van provocar petites lesions a les quals no van donar import&#224;ncia i van decidir no fer &#250;s del servei de primers auxilis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Coincidint amb la majoria d&#39;estudis&#44; el rang d&#39;edat entre els 10 i 12 anys &#233;s el que reflecteix una freq&#252;&#232;ncia m&#233;s gran de lesions&#44; sense difer&#232;ncies per sexe<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7&#44;11</span>&#46; La caiguda va ser el principal mecanisme de lesi&#243;&#44; i el canell fou la part del cos m&#233;s freq&#252;entment lesionada&#46; Aquest fet ve donat pel fet que les caigudes en patinatge sobre gel solen ser cap endavant&#44; per la qual cosa els patinadors col&#183;loquen les seves mans davant el cos per frenar la caiguda&#46; A m&#233;s&#44; aquells subjectes amb menys experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel van ser els que m&#233;s es van lesionar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7&#44;12</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">La majoria dels estudis previs realitzats sobre les lesions en patinadors recreatius sobre gel&#44; mostren una alta freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions de car&#224;cter greu&#44; sobretot fractures<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;5&#44;6&#44;8&#44;9&#44;12</span>&#44; i consideren la pr&#224;ctica del patinatge sobre gel com una activitat d&#39;un alt potencial lesiu<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span>&#46; En aquesta l&#237;nia&#44; estudis comparatius entre patinadors sobre gel i patinadors sobre rodes conclouen que el patinatge sobre gel presenta un major risc d&#39;ocasionar lesions greus&#44; sobretot fractures&#44; m&#233;s que no el patinatge sobre rodes<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;10&#44;11</span>&#46; En el nostre estudi&#44; coincidint amb Williamson i Lowdon<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> i Johanssen et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>&#44; vam trobar que la majoria de lesions produ&#239;des en patinatge recreatiu sobre gel s&#243;n de car&#224;cter lleu&#44; com contusions i ferides superficials&#44; per b&#233; que tamb&#233; es produeixen lesions m&#233;s greus com les fractures &#242;ssies&#44; si b&#233; amb una pres&#232;ncia molt redu&#239;da &#40;1&#44;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Un factor que podria explicar les difer&#232;ncies entre aquest estudi i altres que troben una alta freq&#252;&#232;ncia de fractures &#233;s la velocitat mitjana del patinador&#44; tot i que aquesta variable no ha estat recollida en cap estudi&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">D&#39;altra banda&#44; cal destacar l&#39;alta proporci&#243; de lesions localitzades al cap i cara trobada en el nostre estudi&#46; Aquests resultats es poden atribuir a les caracter&#237;stiques del gel&#44; on les caigudes cap endavant produeixen m&#233;s lesions a la cara&#44; boca&#44; dents i cap que no en el patinatge sobre rodes&#44; ja que amb l&#39;intent de frenar la caiguda amb les mans no n&#39;hi ha prou&#44; i en aquesta acci&#243; queda involucrat el cap i la cara&#44; que colpegen contra la superf&#237;cie gelada<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;13</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Prenent com a refer&#232;ncia les dades d&#39;aquest treball&#44; proposem una s&#232;rie de pautes per minimitzar o evitar els mecanismes de producci&#243; de lesions a les pistes de patinatge sobre gel&#58;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">- &#218;s de proteccions&#44; com canelleres amb superf&#237;cie no lliscant&#44; genolleres&#44; colzeres i casc&#44; si &#233;s possible amb reixeta&#44; per protegir la cara&#46;<br></br> - Obligatorietat de dur guants per evitar talls als dits&#46;<br></br> - Limitar el nombre de patinadors a la pista&#44; per evitar xocs i ensopegades&#46;<br></br> - Establir una zona delimitada per a principiants i separada de la resta d&#39;usuaris&#44; on puguin aprendre a patinar sense risc de ser atropellats per patinadors m&#233;s r&#224;pids&#46;<br></br> - Pres&#232;ncia de monitors qualificats que ensenyin les t&#232;cniques b&#224;siques de patinatge&#58; posici&#243; b&#224;sica&#44; equilibri&#44; primeres passes&#44; frenada&#44; girs&#44; caiguda i posar-se dempeus&#44; com tamb&#233; algunes mesures d&#39;actuaci&#243; per evitar accidents mentre patinen&#44; com pot ser respectar les normes de la pista&#44; patinar per zones de poc tr&#224;nsit&#44; aixecar-se r&#224;pid del terra en cas de caiguda i col&#183;locar les mans a prop del cos tamb&#233; en cas de caure&#46;<br></br> - Establir normes de comportament a la pista&#44; com patinar tots en el mateix sentit&#44; no patinar a velocitats altes&#44; no fer cadenes de patinadors&#44; no emp&#232;nyer&#44; etc&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> CONCLUSIONS</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">El nombre de lesions produ&#239;des en una pista de gel temporal&#44; instal&#183;lada durant un mes&#44; va ser baix en relaci&#243; amb el nombre total de patinadors que la van utilitzar&#44; i majorit&#224;riament de car&#224;cter lleu&#46; Els subjectes sense experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel presenten m&#233;s freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions que no pas els patinadors experimentats&#46;</p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Correspond&#232;ncia&#58;<br></br> Pedro A&#46; L&#243;pez-Mi&#241;arro&#46; Departamento de Expresi&#243;n Pl&#225;stica&#44; Musical y Din&#225;mica&#46;<br></br> &#193;rea de Did&#225;ctica de la Expresi&#243;n Corporal&#46;<br></br> Facultad de Educaci&#243;n&#46; Universidad de Murcia&#46; Campus Universitario de Espinardo&#46;<br></br> 30100 Murcia&#46; Espanya&#46;<br></br> Correu electr&#242;nic&#58; <a href="mailto&#58;palopez&#64;um&#46;es" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"> palopez&#64;um&#46;es</a></p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "278v43n158a13125179pdf001.pdf"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Lesi&#243;"
            1 => "Patinatge sobre gel"
            2 => "Pista de gel"
            3 => "Prevenci&#243;"
            4 => "Patinador recreatiu"
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            0 => "Injury"
            1 => "Ice skating"
            2 => "Ice rink"
            3 => "Safety"
            4 => "Recreational skater"
          ]
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        "resumen" => "Introducci&#243; i objectius&#58; La pr&#224;ctica del patinatge sobre gel comporta un augment del risc de lesions a causa d&#39;una m&#233;s alta probabilitat de caigudes&#46; L&#39;objectiu d&#39;aquest estudi va ser descriure les lesions produ&#239;des i els factors de risc en una pista temporal de patinatge sobre gel&#46; M&#232;todes&#58; Es van registrar les lesions produ&#239;des en una pista de gel instal&#183;lada durant un mes en un municipi de M&#250;rcia&#46; De cadascun dels patinadors lesionats&#44; es van registrar dades sobre edat&#44; sexe&#44; localitzaci&#243; de la lesi&#243;&#44; mecanisme lesional&#44; diagn&#242;stic de la lesi&#243; i experi&#232;ncia com a patinador&#46; Les dades van ser recollides pel personal de la Creu Roja Espanyola al lloc de primers auxilis situat al costat de la pista&#46; Resultats&#58; Un total de 185 subjectes &#40;95 dones i 90 homes&#41; van tenir algun tipus de lesi&#243;&#46; Les lesions m&#233;s comunes van ser de car&#224;cter lleu&#44; com ara contusions &#40;40&#37;&#41; i ferides superficials &#40;28&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Les fractures van representar l&#39;1&#44;6&#37; de les lesions&#46; La majoria de les lesions es van localitzar al canell &#40;29&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#44; al peu &#40;13&#44;0&#37;&#41; i al genoll &#40;10&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; El mecanisme principal de lesi&#243; va ser la caiguda &#40;71&#37;&#41;&#44; principalment per la p&#232;rdua de l&#39;equilibri &#40;61&#44;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Els subjectes sense experi&#232;ncia en patinatge sobre gel van presentar m&#233;s freq&#252;&#232;ncia de lesions que els patinadors m&#233;s experimentats&#46; Conclusions&#58; El nombre de lesions esdevingudes a la pista de gel va ser baix respecte del nombre total de patinadors que hi van anar&#44; i majorit&#224;riament van ser de car&#224;cter lleu&#46;"
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      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "Introduction and objectives&#58; Recreational ice-skating carries a high risk of injury because of the strong probability of falls&#46; The aim of this study was to describe injuries and associated risk factors in a temporary ice rink&#46; Methods&#58; We recorded all injuries produced in a temporary ice rink installed for 1 month in a town in Murcia&#46; For all ice skaters injured&#44; information on age&#44; gender&#44; body region injured&#44; mechanism of injury&#44; diagnosis&#44; and ice skating experience was recorded&#46; The data were gathered by staff from the Spanish Red Cross in the first aid facilities situated beside the ice rink&#46; Results&#58; A total of 185 recreational ice skaters &#40;95 females and 90 males&#41; were injured&#46; The most common injuries were slight injuries such as bruises &#40;40&#37;&#41; and superficial wounds &#40;28&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Fractures accounted for 1&#46;6&#37; of all injuries&#46; Most skating-related injuries involved the wrist &#40;29&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by the foot &#40;13&#46;0&#37;&#41; and the knee &#40;10&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Most of the injuries were caused by falls &#40;71&#37;&#41;&#44; mainly due to loss of balance &#40;61&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#46; Beginners appeared to be more prone to injury than experienced skaters&#46; Conclusions&#58; The number of injuries was low compared with the total number of skaters and most of the injuries were slight&#46;"
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                      "titulo" => "Ice skating and roller disco injuries in Dublin&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
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                      "titulo" => "The risks or injury in public ice skating&#46;"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Ice skating injuries:can they be reduced or prevented? Arch Emerg Med"
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Article information
ISSN: X8866581
Original language: Català
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