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Journal Information
Vol. 51. Issue 189.
Pages 13-19 (January - March 2016)
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Vol. 51. Issue 189.
Pages 13-19 (January - March 2016)
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Comparació de l’activitat muscular de determinats músculs del tronc i de les extremitats inferiors en la marxa de dones joves amb peus en supinació, pronació i neutre
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Hamideh Khodaveisia, Haydar Sadeghia, Raghad Memara, Mehrdad Anbarianb
a Department of Sport Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
b Department of Sport Biomechanics, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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Els canvis de l’estructura anatómica del peu en redueixen la capacitat de funcionament normal. Aquest estudi tingué l’objectiu de comparar determinats músculs del tronc i les extremitats inferiors durant la marxa de persones amb diferents tipus de peu. Es classificaren 45 estudiants dones en 3 grups, segons l’estructura del peu, és a dir, en pronació, en supinació i neutre. Un metge especialista definí els tipus de peu mitjançant l’índex postural i raigs X. Es registraren les activitats electromiogràfiques dels músculs tibial anterior, peroneal llarg, gastrocnemi medial, bíceps femoral, gluti mitjà, oblic extern i erector de la columna, en els 3 grups, en realitzar un recorregut determinat a una velocitat de marxa autoseleccionada. Es gravà amb una càmera cada esforç simultani amb registre electromiogràfic. S’utilitzà el test ANOVA d’un factor per comparar els grups, amb un nivell de significació de 0,05. L’activitat dels músculs tibial anterior i gastrocnemi medial fou major en el grup de peu pronador que en els grups de peu supinador i neutre, durant la fase de contacte del taló de la marxa (p = 0,001). El grup de peu supinador reflectí una activació major del múscul peroneal llarg que la resta dels grups (p = 0,001). No s’observaren diferències significatives en els 4 músculs restants (p > 0,05). Durant la fase de recolzament mitjà, el grup de peu supinador reflectí una major activitat del peroneal llarg en comparació al de la resta de grups, mentre que el grup de peu pronador reflectí major activitat muscular del gluti mitjà que en els altres grups (p = 0,001). Es produí una diferència significativa entre els grups de peu pronador i de peu neutre en l’oblic extern (p = 0,001). Segons els resultats d’aquest estudi, els canvis del rendiment muscular en els grups de peu pronador i supinador són més notoris que en el grup de peu neutre.

Palabras clave:
Músculs de les extremitats inferiors
Marxa
Peu neutre
Peu pronador
Peu supinador

Changes in anatomical structure of the foot reduce the foot ability for normal performance. This study aimed to compare selected muscles of trunk and lower extremities during walking in individuals with different foot types. Forty-five female students were categorized into three groups depending on their foot structures namely, pronated, supinated and normal feet. Foot types defined by foot posture index and X-ray under the specialist physician. Electromyography activities were recorded from muscles of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, gluteus medius, external oblique and erector spinae in three groups while walking in determined path with self-selected gait speed. Each effort simultaneous with electromyography registration was recorded with camera. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the groups at significance level of 0.05. The activity of muscle of tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius was greater in pronated foot group than that in supinated and normal groups during heel contact phase of gait (P = .001). Supinated foot group exhibited a greater peroneus longus activation than the other groups (P= .001). No significant differences were observed for remaining four muscles (P> .05). During midstance phase, peroneus longus, supinated foot group exhibited a greater activity compared to other groups while pronated foot group exhibited a greater muscle activity for gluteus medius than others (P= .001). There was a significant difference between normal and pronated foot groups for external oblique (P= .001). Regarding the findings of this study, the muscular performance changes in pronated and supinated foot groups are more noticeable than that in normal foot type.

Keywords:
Lower limb muscles
Gait
Normal foot
Pronated foot
Supinated foot
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