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Journal Information
Vol. 50. Issue 187.
Pages 85-93 (June - August 2015)
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Vol. 50. Issue 187.
Pages 85-93 (June - August 2015)
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Control fisiològic utilitzat per valorar les capacitats i característiques d’esportistes amb discapacitat visual
Physiological measurements used to evaluate the capacities and characteristics of visually impaired athletes
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Miguel Angel Torralbaa, Joan Vivesb, Marcelo Braz Vieiraa, Massimo Nikica
a Departament de Didàctica de l’Expressió Musical i Corporal, Facultat d’Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanya.
b Unitat d’Esport i Salut, Consell Català de l’Esport, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Espanya.
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Introducció: En aquest estudi s’analitzen diferents bateries de proves fisiològiques aplicades a esportistes cecs i amb discapacitat visual de la població adulta de Catalunya, per tal de definir-ne les capacitats i relacionar-les amb les dades d’altres esportistes. La mostra es composa de 37 atletes amb discapacitat visual (23 homes i 14 dones), representants de 6 modalitats esportives i d’una mitjana d’edat de 27,19 ± 7,9 anys. La recollida de dades es féu a la Unitat d’Esport i Salut de la Secretaria General de l’Esport de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

Resultats: Es destaca la diferència significativa de l’IMC (p < 0,05) entre homes i dones, que es corrobora amb el valor del percentatge de massa muscular esquelètica, en què es trobà una diferència altament significativa a favor de les dones. Altres dades que presenten una diferència significativa important a favor dels homes són el VO2max, el VO2lana, el VO2max/kg, el VEmax i el VElana. En analitzar altres dades, segons el nivell de gènere, discapacitat i esport, només es trobaren diferències significatives en el homes en les variables FClana i FCmax.

Conclusions: Els esportistes d’aquest estudi presenten dades antropomètriques similars a les d’altres esportistes, normalitat a l’IMC, tot i que tendeixen a un cert predomini mesomòrfic del somatotip. Els esportistes amb ceguesa (B1) presenten valors més baixos que els deficients visuals (B2), cosa que cal tenir present a l’hora de planificar l’entrenament i els objectius.

Palabras clave:
Antropometria; Fisiologia; Discapacitat visual

Introduction: The present study has analyzed different batteries of tests used for physiological assessment of blind and visually impaired athletes of the population from Catalonia. The main purpose was to define their capacities and associate them with information of other athletes. The sample consisted of 37 visually impaired athletes (23 men and 14 women), as representatives of six sports modes, with a mean age of 27.19 ± 7.9 years. The data collection was carried out in the Unit of Sports and Health of the General Secretary of Catalonian Sports Department.

Results: A significant difference was noted between men and women in relation to BMI (P < .05), that corroborates with the percentage value of musculoskeletal mass, with a highly significant difference in favor of women. Other scientific data that shows highly relevant differences in favor of men are VO2max, VO2at, VO2max/kg, VEmax and the VEat. While analyzing other information, according to the level and gender, disability and sports, the only differences found were between men in connection with heart rate and maximum heart rate (HRat and HRmax).

Conclusion: The athletes in this study show similar anthropometric data to other athletes, normal as regards BMI, but it needs to be oriented towards a predominance of mesomorph somatotype. Athletes who are blind (B1) have lower values than the visually impaired (B2), that must be taken into account when planning training and goals.

Keywords:
Anthropometry; Physiology; Visual impairment
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