Swimming and the various aquatic activities performed in indoor swimming pools are not only practised by thousands of individuals daily but are also highly recommended for rehabilitation in patients with musculoskeletal processes to aid mobility and muscle activation; furthermore, these activities are also useful in patients with exercise-induced asthma and some other respiratory diseases, since the warm, moist air is less likely to provoke an attack. However, in the last decade, concern has arisen on whether direct contact with the compounds used in water disinfection could alter bronchial reactivity in swimming-pool users and could also be a triggering factor for asthma in predisposed children. The present review evaluates research articles on this subject and, especially, discussions on these articles, to create an objective view of the state of the question. In particular, the final aim is to provide recommendations based on the experience of these studies to stimulate swimming pool users to avoid contamination and preserve their health and that of their children, to train monitors and trainers in these matters and, lastly, to increase awareness among the managers of installations of the impact of disinfecting compounds on health.