Childhood obesity has become an issue of substantial size to attract the attention of the scientific world and starring in great efforts in public health and education.

The causes of this problem are multifactorial and extremely complex, and addressed many outbreaks of intervention to try to reverse the trend. The main contributors are still considering the lack of physical activity in population and wrong feeding strategies based on a caloric surplus.

Are these cases only the contributors to this problem? This article reviews some of the research priorities beyond diet and exercise, to see that maybe we’re wrong in the implementation of policies of prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.