array:20 [
  "pii" => "S2666506924000130"
  "issn" => "26665069"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.apunsm.2024.100445"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01"
  "aid" => "100445"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2024"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "edi"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "S2666506924000026"
    "issn" => "26665069"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.apunsm.2024.100435"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-04-01"
    "aid" => "100435"
    "copyright" => "CONSELL CATALÀ DE L'ESPORT"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Quantitative assessment of fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus by shear-wave ultrasound elastography in cases of suspected rotator cuff injury&#58; Correlation with the Goutallier imaging classification and its potential applicability in the assessment of athletes"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig0001"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1369
              "Ancho" => 2667
              "Tamanyo" => 277814
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "alt0001"
              "detalle" => "Fig "
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photograph showing example scanning position and plane for shear wave acquisition&#46; &#40;a&#44;b&#41; The sitting position is shown&#44; with the arm in the Crass position&#46; The arm posteriorly placing the palmar side of the hand on the superior aspect of the iliac wig with the elbow flexed &#40;internal rotation&#41;&#46; &#40;c&#41; The probe position is shown longitudinal orientation relative to the supraspinatus muscle&#46; During data acquisition&#44; an amount of gel &#40;5&#8239;mm&#41; and minimal contact pressure were applied to minimize the longitudinal preload&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "B&#46; Alvarez de Sierra Garcia, A&#46; Kassarjian, F&#46; Guillen-Grima, P&#46; Nieto Moreno, A&#46; Alonso Burgos, J&#46;D&#46; Aquerreta Beola"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "B&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Alvarez de Sierra Garcia"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Kassarjian"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Guillen-Grima"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Nieto Moreno"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Alonso Burgos"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Aquerreta Beola"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2666506924000026?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/26665069/0000005900000222/v1_202405070524/S2666506924000026/v1_202405070524/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:9 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
    "titulo" => "Sportomics&#58; Futbol Club Barcelona&#39;s approach to personalized injury prevention"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Gil Rodas, Juan R Gonzalez"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Gil"
            "apellidos" => "Rodas"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "gil.rodas@fcbarcelona.cat"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0001"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0002"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0001"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Juan R"
            "apellidos" => "Gonzalez"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0003"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0004"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Futbol Club Barcelona Medical Department and Bar&#231;a Innovation Hub&#46; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0001"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Sports and Exercise Medical Unit&#44; Clinic Hospital and Sant Joan de D&#233;u Hospital&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0002"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "ISGlobal&#44; Institute for Global Health&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0003"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Centro de Investigaci&#243;n Biom&#233;dica en Red en Epidemiolog&#237;a y Salud P&#250;blica &#40;CIBERESP&#41;&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0004"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0001"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="para0001" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sportomics combines &#8220;omics&#8221; sciences with classic clinical laboratory analyses to mimic the real challenges and conditions faced during sports training and competition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It relies on analytical methods with high processing power to analyze large volumes of data and is a promising field of investigation in translational sports medicine&#46; Sportomics comprehensively relies on the &#8220;athlete&#39;s biological passport&#8221; for the systematic study of sport-induced responses and adaptations at any level &#40;genome&#44; transcriptome&#44; proteome&#44; metabolome&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The use of omics data provides a comprehensive understanding of the biological processes and systems underlying athletic performance and injury risk&#44; to finally identify novel intervention targets&#46;</p><p id="para0002" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">F&#250;tbol Club Barcelona &#40;FC Barcelona&#41; has used Sportomics to understand exercise-induced metabolic alterations and the relationship with acute and chronic fatigue of its players&#46; This helped to study the association between internal and external load indicators during training or game sessions and estimate injury risk&#46;</p><p id="para0003" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have over five years of experience studying our players&#39; genome&#44; epigenome&#44; transcriptome&#44; proteome&#44; and metabolome through different scenarios and sports&#46; For instance&#44; we contributed to various studies about <span class="elsevierStyleBold">genomics</span>&#44; uncovering previously undescribed genetic predictors of tendinopathy in elite team sports athletes&#46; Our research identified specific single nucleotide polymorphisms &#40;SNPs&#41; as genetic markers&#44; including rs11154027&#44; rs4362400&#44; and rs10263021&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Also&#44; we found a trend for the association of higher risk of muscle injury with the XX genotype in professional footballers presenting the R577X polymorphism &#40;rs1815739&#41; in the gene encoding &#945;-actinin-3 &#40;ACTN3&#41;&#46; Moreover&#44; in the same players&#44; there was a significant effect of this genetic variant for the time needed to return to play&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Recently&#44; these results have been replicated in 315 top-level professional football players from the Spanish football first division &#40;i&#46;e&#46;&#44; LaLiga&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Finally&#44; we found a significant association between the rs13946 C&#47;C polymorphism in the COL5A1 gene and anterior cruciate ligament &#40;ACL&#41; injury in women footballers and not in male footballers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0006"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="para0004" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding <span class="elsevierStyleBold">transcriptomics&#44;</span> we studied the effects of external load on elite athletes during a handball match and throughout the season 2021&#8211;22&#44; and we identified deregulation in the immune system&#44; mitochondrial functions&#44; and various metabolic pathways during the match&#46; Additionally&#44; it establishes correlations between GPS external load variables and pathways associated with amino acids&#44; inflammation&#44; and oxidative environment These findings offer insights into athletes&#8217; immediate and chronic responses to physical effort&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0007"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="para0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We also performed <span class="elsevierStyleBold">proteomics</span> studies in blood and saliva and are currently evaluating how the plasma proteome responds to sports stress&#46; This way&#44; we aim to identify proteins that can be used as biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of overreaching fatigue and the risk of suffering an injury during the season&#46; We are now using saliva samples to detect proteomic profiles in our elite female football players to have a non-invasive method&#46; Moreover&#44; identifying different molecular profiles through salivary exosome biomarkers can provide valuable insights into elite female football players phenotypes&#46;</p><p id="para0006" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding <span class="elsevierStyleBold">metabolomics</span>&#44; we studied the relationship between internal and external load indicators during a football season&#46; Results showed that the adaptation to external load in footballers drives changes in the steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism&#44; as well as in the tyrosine and tryptophan metabolic pathways&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0008"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Furthermore&#44; overrepresentation analysis and multivariate analysis of metabolic data showed significant differences in the effect of training on the metabolic profiles of men&#180;s and women&#180;s teams&#46; Our results demonstrate that the development of metabolic adaptation models in professional football players can benefit from the separate analysis of men&#180;s and women&#180;s teams&#44; providing a more accurate insight into how adaptation to external load is related to changes in metabolic phenotypes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0009"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="para0007" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our original goal was to identify biomarkers across the various omics domains individually&#46; However&#44; there was a pivotal shift in our approach when we began integrating diverse omics datasets to enhance our ability to predict injury risk&#46; We developed an injury prediction model that leverages data sourced from global positioning systems &#40;GPS&#41; alongside multi-omics data encompassing genomics and metabolomics from elite female footballers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Incorporating nonlinear cumulative load assessments alongside multi-omic data has been instrumental in delineating distinct injury risk profiles&#46; This innovative approach enhances our understanding of the intricate interplay between physiological markers and performance metrics and offers valuable insights for personalized injury prevention strategies&#46;</p><p id="para0008" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our goal to personalize physical activities&#44; workload management&#44; injury risk prediction&#44; and performance enhancement for athletes incorporating multimodal data&#44; we recognize the importance of broadening the scope of data integration beyond omics domains&#46; Specifically&#44; when analyzing data from female athletes&#44; it becomes imperative to incorporate additional factors such as menstrual cycle dynamics and hormonal fluctuations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> The menstrual cycle profoundly influences various physiological processes&#44; including metabolism&#44; immune function&#44; and musculoskeletal health&#44; that are linked to injury susceptibility&#46; Therefore&#44; incorporating menstrual cycle data into our predictive models can provide invaluable insights into the dynamic interplay between hormonal fluctuations and injury risk profiles&#46; Also&#44; considering the impact of hormones&#44; such as estrogen and progesterone&#44; on ligament laxity&#44; muscle strength&#44; and neuromuscular control is paramount for a comprehensive understanding of injury predisposition in female athletes&#46; By integrating these datasets with omics datasets&#44; we can elucidate the intricate interactions shaping various aspects of an athlete&#39;s profile with heightened precision&#44; encompassing diverse dimensions of sports outcomes&#46;</p><p id="para0009" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We firmly believe that omics data hold immense potential in identifying internal load biomarkers&#46; By considering hormonal status&#44; biomechanics&#44; cognitive mood status&#44; etc&#46;&#44; together with genomic&#44; transcriptomic&#44; proteomic&#44; and metabolomic profiles of the players&#44; the medical teams&#44; coaches&#44; and athletes can derive predictive models capable of stratifying players according to varying risks&#46; Adopting such a comprehensive approach promises highly accurate and personalized interventions in training&#44; competition&#44; recovery&#44; and rehabilitation programs&#46;</p><p id="para0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Future research endeavors must delve deeper into unravelling the roles of identified genes&#44; proteins&#44; metabolites&#44; and other biological variables &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; stress and diet&#41;&#44; considering the inherent differences in sex biology that must lead to distinct modeling and studies for male and female athletes&#46;</p><p id="para0011" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; our experience underscores the critical need for a nuanced understanding of athletes&#39; physiological makeup and its implications for injury management and performance optimization in professional sports settings&#46; Through continued exploration and integration of diverse biological variables&#44; we can strive towards more refined interventions tailored to the biological specificities of each athlete&#44; ultimately fostering their success and well-being in sports&#46;</p></span>"
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "cebibsec1"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:11 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0001"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sportomics&#58; building a new concept in metabolic studies and exercise science"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Bassini"
                            1 => "L&#46;C&#46; Cameron"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.137"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biochem Biophys Res Commun"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "445"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "708"
                        "paginaFinal" => "716"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24406165"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0002"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Omics and exercise&#58; global approaches for mapping exercise biological networks"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "N&#46;J&#46; Hoffman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "numero" => "10"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0003"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Genomic prediction of tendinopathy risk in elite team sports"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                            1 => "L&#46; Osaba"
                            2 => "D&#46; Arteta"
                            3 => "R&#46; Pruna"
                            4 => "D&#46; Fern&#225;ndez"
                            5 => "A&#46; Lucia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1123/ijspp.2019-0431"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Sports Physiol Perform"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "489"
                        "paginaFinal" => "495"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31615970"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0004"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Alpha-actinin-3 deficiency might affect recovery from non-contact muscle injuries&#58; preliminary findings in a top-level soccer team"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                            1 => "V&#46; Moreno-P&#233;rez"
                            2 => "J&#46; Del Coso"
                            3 => "D&#46; Florit"
                            4 => "L&#46; Osaba"
                            5 => "A&#46; Lucia"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3390/genes12050769"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genes"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "769"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34069995"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "ACTN3 XX genotype negatively affects running performance and increases muscle injury incidence in LaLiga Football Players"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Del Coso"
                            1 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                            2 => "A&#46; Soler-Aguinaga"
                            3 => "R&#46; L&#243;pez-Del Campo"
                            4 => "R&#46; Resta"
                            5 => "J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Rodenas"
                            6 => "J&#46; Ferrandis"
                            7 => "V&#46; Moreno-P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3390/genes15030386"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genes"
                        "fecha" => "2024"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "386"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38540445"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0006"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sex differences in the association between risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture and COL5A1 polymorphisms in elite footballers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                            1 => "A&#46; C&#225;ceres"
                            2 => "E&#46; Ferrer"
                            3 => "L&#46; Balagu&#233;-Dob&#243;n"
                            4 => "L&#46; Osaba"
                            5 => "A&#46; Lucia"
                            6 => "J&#46;R&#46; Gonz&#225;lez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Genes"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0007"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Unraveling athletic performance&#58; transcriptomics and external load monitoring in handball competition"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Ezquerra Condeminas"
                            1 => "M&#46; Mallol"
                            2 => "R&#46; Font"
                            3 => "V&#46; Tremps"
                            4 => "J&#46;A&#46; Guti&#233;rrez"
                            5 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                            6 => "A&#46; Perera Lluna"
                            7 => "J&#46;M Soria"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One"
                        "fecha" => "2024"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "numero" => "3"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0008"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urine metabolomic analysis for monitoring internal load in professional football players"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Quintas"
                            1 => "X&#46; Reche"
                            2 => "J&#46;D&#46; Sanjuan-Herr&#225;ez"
                            3 => "H&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                            4 => "M&#46; Herrero"
                            5 => "X&#46; Valle"
                            6 => "M&#46; Masa"
                            7 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11306-020-01668-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Metabolomics"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "45"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32222832"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0009"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A targeted metabolic analysis of football players and its association to player load&#58; comparison between women and men profiles"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                            1 => "E&#46; Ferrer"
                            2 => "X&#46; Reche"
                            3 => "J&#46;D&#46; Sanjuan-Herr&#225;ez"
                            4 => "A&#46; McCall"
                            5 => "G&#46; Quint&#225;s"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predicting injuries in elite female football players with GPS and multi-omics data"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Gonzalez"
                            1 => "A&#46; C&#225;ceres"
                            2 => "E&#46; Ferrer"
                            3 => "L&#46; Balagu&#233;-Dob&#243;n"
                            4 => "X&#46; Escrib&#224;-Montagut"
                            5 => "X&#46; Sarrat"
                            6 => "G&#46; Quint&#225;s"
                            7 => "G&#46; Rodas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Sports Physiol Perform"
                        "fecha" => "2024"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0011"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Insights in the effect of fluctuating female hormones on injury risk-challenge and chance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Legerlotz"
                            1 => "T&#46; Nobis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/26665069/0000005900000222/v1_202405070524/S2666506924000130/v1_202405070524/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "84809"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Editorial"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/26665069/0000005900000222/v1_202405070524/S2666506924000130/v1_202405070524/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://apunts.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2666506924000130?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 59. Issue 222.
(April - June 2024)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 59. Issue 222.
(April - June 2024)
Editorial
Full text access
Sportomics: Futbol Club Barcelona's approach to personalized injury prevention
Visits
2437
Gil Rodasa,b,
Corresponding author
gil.rodas@fcbarcelona.cat

Corresponding author.
, Juan R Gonzalezc,d
a Futbol Club Barcelona Medical Department and Barça Innovation Hub. Barcelona, Spain
b Sports and Exercise Medical Unit, Clinic Hospital and Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
c ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
d Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
This item has received
Article information
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Full Text

Sportomics combines “omics” sciences with classic clinical laboratory analyses to mimic the real challenges and conditions faced during sports training and competition.1 It relies on analytical methods with high processing power to analyze large volumes of data and is a promising field of investigation in translational sports medicine. Sportomics comprehensively relies on the “athlete's biological passport” for the systematic study of sport-induced responses and adaptations at any level (genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, etc.).2 The use of omics data provides a comprehensive understanding of the biological processes and systems underlying athletic performance and injury risk, to finally identify novel intervention targets.

Fútbol Club Barcelona (FC Barcelona) has used Sportomics to understand exercise-induced metabolic alterations and the relationship with acute and chronic fatigue of its players. This helped to study the association between internal and external load indicators during training or game sessions and estimate injury risk.

We have over five years of experience studying our players' genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome through different scenarios and sports. For instance, we contributed to various studies about genomics, uncovering previously undescribed genetic predictors of tendinopathy in elite team sports athletes. Our research identified specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic markers, including rs11154027, rs4362400, and rs10263021.3 Also, we found a trend for the association of higher risk of muscle injury with the XX genotype in professional footballers presenting the R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the gene encoding α-actinin-3 (ACTN3). Moreover, in the same players, there was a significant effect of this genetic variant for the time needed to return to play.4 Recently, these results have been replicated in 315 top-level professional football players from the Spanish football first division (i.e., LaLiga).5 Finally, we found a significant association between the rs13946 C/C polymorphism in the COL5A1 gene and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in women footballers and not in male footballers.6

Regarding transcriptomics, we studied the effects of external load on elite athletes during a handball match and throughout the season 2021–22, and we identified deregulation in the immune system, mitochondrial functions, and various metabolic pathways during the match. Additionally, it establishes correlations between GPS external load variables and pathways associated with amino acids, inflammation, and oxidative environment These findings offer insights into athletes’ immediate and chronic responses to physical effort.7

We also performed proteomics studies in blood and saliva and are currently evaluating how the plasma proteome responds to sports stress. This way, we aim to identify proteins that can be used as biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of overreaching fatigue and the risk of suffering an injury during the season. We are now using saliva samples to detect proteomic profiles in our elite female football players to have a non-invasive method. Moreover, identifying different molecular profiles through salivary exosome biomarkers can provide valuable insights into elite female football players phenotypes.

Regarding metabolomics, we studied the relationship between internal and external load indicators during a football season. Results showed that the adaptation to external load in footballers drives changes in the steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as in the tyrosine and tryptophan metabolic pathways.8 Furthermore, overrepresentation analysis and multivariate analysis of metabolic data showed significant differences in the effect of training on the metabolic profiles of men´s and women´s teams. Our results demonstrate that the development of metabolic adaptation models in professional football players can benefit from the separate analysis of men´s and women´s teams, providing a more accurate insight into how adaptation to external load is related to changes in metabolic phenotypes.9

Our original goal was to identify biomarkers across the various omics domains individually. However, there was a pivotal shift in our approach when we began integrating diverse omics datasets to enhance our ability to predict injury risk. We developed an injury prediction model that leverages data sourced from global positioning systems (GPS) alongside multi-omics data encompassing genomics and metabolomics from elite female footballers.10 Incorporating nonlinear cumulative load assessments alongside multi-omic data has been instrumental in delineating distinct injury risk profiles. This innovative approach enhances our understanding of the intricate interplay between physiological markers and performance metrics and offers valuable insights for personalized injury prevention strategies.

In our goal to personalize physical activities, workload management, injury risk prediction, and performance enhancement for athletes incorporating multimodal data, we recognize the importance of broadening the scope of data integration beyond omics domains. Specifically, when analyzing data from female athletes, it becomes imperative to incorporate additional factors such as menstrual cycle dynamics and hormonal fluctuations.11 The menstrual cycle profoundly influences various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune function, and musculoskeletal health, that are linked to injury susceptibility. Therefore, incorporating menstrual cycle data into our predictive models can provide invaluable insights into the dynamic interplay between hormonal fluctuations and injury risk profiles. Also, considering the impact of hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, on ligament laxity, muscle strength, and neuromuscular control is paramount for a comprehensive understanding of injury predisposition in female athletes. By integrating these datasets with omics datasets, we can elucidate the intricate interactions shaping various aspects of an athlete's profile with heightened precision, encompassing diverse dimensions of sports outcomes.

We firmly believe that omics data hold immense potential in identifying internal load biomarkers. By considering hormonal status, biomechanics, cognitive mood status, etc., together with genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles of the players, the medical teams, coaches, and athletes can derive predictive models capable of stratifying players according to varying risks. Adopting such a comprehensive approach promises highly accurate and personalized interventions in training, competition, recovery, and rehabilitation programs.

Future research endeavors must delve deeper into unravelling the roles of identified genes, proteins, metabolites, and other biological variables (e.g., stress and diet), considering the inherent differences in sex biology that must lead to distinct modeling and studies for male and female athletes.

In summary, our experience underscores the critical need for a nuanced understanding of athletes' physiological makeup and its implications for injury management and performance optimization in professional sports settings. Through continued exploration and integration of diverse biological variables, we can strive towards more refined interventions tailored to the biological specificities of each athlete, ultimately fostering their success and well-being in sports.

References
[1]
A. Bassini, L.C. Cameron.
Sportomics: building a new concept in metabolic studies and exercise science.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 445 (2014), pp. 708-716
[2]
N.J. Hoffman.
Omics and exercise: global approaches for mapping exercise biological networks.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 7 (2017),
[3]
G. Rodas, L. Osaba, D. Arteta, R. Pruna, D. Fernández, A. Lucia.
Genomic prediction of tendinopathy risk in elite team sports.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 15 (2019), pp. 489-495
[4]
G. Rodas, V. Moreno-Pérez, J. Del Coso, D. Florit, L. Osaba, A. Lucia.
Alpha-actinin-3 deficiency might affect recovery from non-contact muscle injuries: preliminary findings in a top-level soccer team.
[5]
J. Del Coso, G. Rodas, A. Soler-Aguinaga, R. López-Del Campo, R. Resta, J. González-Rodenas, J. Ferrandis, V. Moreno-Pérez.
ACTN3 XX genotype negatively affects running performance and increases muscle injury incidence in LaLiga Football Players.
[6]
G. Rodas, A. Cáceres, E. Ferrer, L. Balagué-Dobón, L. Osaba, A. Lucia, J.R. González.
Sex differences in the association between risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture and COL5A1 polymorphisms in elite footballers.
Genes, 14 (2022), pp. 33
[7]
P. Ezquerra Condeminas, M. Mallol, R. Font, V. Tremps, J.A. Gutiérrez, G. Rodas, A. Perera Lluna, J.M Soria.
Unraveling athletic performance: transcriptomics and external load monitoring in handball competition.
PLoS One, 19 (2024),
[8]
G. Quintas, X. Reche, J.D. Sanjuan-Herráez, H. Martínez, M. Herrero, X. Valle, M. Masa, G. Rodas.
Urine metabolomic analysis for monitoring internal load in professional football players.
Metabolomics, 16 (2020), pp. 45
[9]
G. Rodas, E. Ferrer, X. Reche, J.D. Sanjuan-Herráez, A. McCall, G. Quintás.
A targeted metabolic analysis of football players and its association to player load: comparison between women and men profiles.
Front Physiol, 13 (2022),
[10]
J.R. Gonzalez, A. Cáceres, E. Ferrer, L. Balagué-Dobón, X. Escribà-Montagut, X. Sarrat, G. Quintás, G. Rodas.
Predicting injuries in elite female football players with GPS and multi-omics data.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform, (2024),
[11]
K. Legerlotz, T. Nobis.
Insights in the effect of fluctuating female hormones on injury risk-challenge and chance.
Front Physiol, 13 (2022),
Apunts Sports Medicine
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?