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Vol. 51. Issue 189.
Pages 27-35 (January - March 2016)
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Vol. 51. Issue 189.
Pages 27-35 (January - March 2016)
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El sildenafil afecta el rendiment físic en altitud? Evidències científiques actuals
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Andrés Toro-Salinasa, Joan Ramon Torrellaa, Teresa Pagèsa, Casimiro Javierreb, Ginés Viscorac
a Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanya
b Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanya
c Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanya. Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanya
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El sildenafil ha demostrat eficàcia en reduir la hipertensió pulmonar provocada per la vasoconstricció pulmonar hipòxica. El seu paper com a possible factor per augmentar el rendiment de l’exercici en condicions d’hipòxia està per demostrar, però l’ús del sildenafil ha augmentat entre els muntanyencs, no com a fàrmac preventiu de l’edema pulmonar de gran altitud, sinó perquè es pensava que podria ajudar a millorar el rendiment físic a gran altitud. Diversos estudis han plantejat el tema, amb resultats contradictoris. Actualment, tot i que no hi ha dades concloents, ni en altitud simulada ni real, i amb l’evidència clara que en normòxia el sildenafil no millora el rendiment físic, es continua utilitzant aquesta substància (a vegades en excés) per persones que pugen els alts cims. Aquesta hipotètica millora del rendiment depèn del grau d’hipoxèmia en altitud i de la capacitat de resposta individual a aquest medicament. Aquest article revisa el coneixement actual sobre aquest tema.

Palabras clave:
Sildenafil
Gran altitud
Inhibidor de PDE-5
Exercici
Hipòxia
Normobàric
Hipobàric

Sildenafil has proven to efficiently reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure provoked by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. However, its role as a possible factor in increasing exercise performance under hypoxic conditions remains to be demonstrated. The use of sildenafil has increased among mountaineers, not as a high altitude pulmonary edema preventive drug, but as a means that could help to improve performance. Several studies have attempted to address this issue, with conflicting results. Currently, despite the inconclusive data at simulated or real altitude, and with the clear evidence that, in normoxia, sildenafil does not improve performance, this drug is being used (and sometimes overused) by people who climb high peaks. However, such potential performance improvement would depend on the degree of hypoxemia (altitude) and the individual responsiveness to this drug. This paper reviews the current knowledge on this matter.

Keywords:
Sildenafil
High altitude
PDE-5 inhibitor
Exercise
Hypoxia
Normobaric
Hypobaric
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