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Journal Information
Vol. 50. Issue 185.
Pages 35-42 (January - March 2015)
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Malalties de risc vital d’origen respiratori o al·lèrgic a l’esport
Life-threatening respiratory diseases or allergies in sport
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Franchek Drobnica, Franchek Drobnicb, Anna Salac, Moisés Labradorc, Viswanath Unnithand, Victoria Cardonac
a Serveis Mèdics FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanya
b Centre d’Alt Rendiment, GIRSANE, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Espanya
c Secció d’Al·lèrgia, Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Espanya
d Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, Regne Unit
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La possibilitat que l’activitat física pugui posar en perill la vida de l’esportista hi és, però no sempre es té en compte. La mort en la pràctica esportiva o el risc d’un succés que s’hi acosti és baix, i ambdós casos s’associen habitualment a processos d’origen cardiovascular. En aquest estudi es presenta una revisió de les malalties respiratòries i al·lèrgiques més freqüents —asma, anafilaxi, embolisme pulmonar, pneumotòrax espontani— dignes d’una atenció i formació seriosa i dirigida a permetre la pràctica de l’esport amb la màxima seguretat. Es proposa encunyar el concepte de malaltia de risc vital en l’esport per conscienciar els especialistes a identificar aquestes malalties, que, d’acord amb aquest concepte, ajudin a establir unes indicacions i guies útils als portadors d’aquestes malalties enfront d’unes condicions esportives determinades, per assegurar un esport sa i saludable.

Palabras clave:
Malaltia de risc vital
Mort sobtada
Asma
Anafilaxi
Pneumotòrax espontani
Tromboembolisme pulmonar

There is a real possibility that physical activity endangers life, due to sports practice or a mismanaged disease, but is not always taken into account. Deaths while practicing sports and risk of a fatal outcome are low, and have been associated with cardiovascular problems. However, diseases of other biological systems, as well as an individual predisposition, can lead to a high risk situation while exercising. A brief review of indisrespiratory diseases and allergies is presented, with advice and a warning in order that the patient may practice with the highest level of safety. It is also proposed the introduction of the life-threatening disease concept in the field of sports medicine is also proposed, with a rationalization of the concept of death in sport.

Keywords:
Life threatening disease
Sudden death
Asthma
Anaphylaxis
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